|
Derekh Eretz Rabbah (Hebrew: דרך ארץ רבה) is one of the minor tractates (מסכתות קטנות) of the Talmud. In the editions of the latter the tractate Derek Ereẓ consists of three divisions: # Derek Ereẓ Rabbah ("Large Derek Ereẓ") # Derek Ereẓ Zuṭa ("Small Derek Ereẓ") # Pereḳ ha-Shalom ("Section on Peace") This division is correct in that there are really three different works, but the designations "Rabbah" and "Zuṭa" are misleading, since the divisions so designated are not longer and shorter divisions of one work, but are, in spite of their relationship, independent of each other. The ancient authorities, who have different designations for this treatise, know nothing of the division into "Rabbah" and "Zuṭa"; the ''Halakot Gedolot'' (ed. A. Hildesheimer, p. 647) even includes a large part of the Derek Ereẓ Zuṭa under the title "Rabbah." == Summary of Contents == According to the usual division, Derek Ereẓ R. consists of 11 sections ("peraḳim"). It begins with a halakic section on forbidden marriages ("arayot"), to which are appended some ethical maxims on marriage. The second section consists of two entirely different parts, the first of which contains reflections on 24 classes of people—12 bad and 12 good—with an appropriate Bible verse for each class; the second enumerates the sins that bring about eclipses of the sun and moon, as well as other misfortunes, the whole ending with some mystic remarks concerning God and the 390 heavens. The section "Ben Azzai," as the ancients called the third pereḳ, contains some moral reflections on the origin and destiny of man. Sections iv. and v., each beginning with the word "Le'olam" (Forever), contain rules of conduct for sages and their disciples, the respective rules being illustrated by Biblical events and occurrences of the time of the Tannaim. Sections vi. and vii., which seem to have been originally one section, illustrate, by means of several stories, the correctness of the rule of conduct, never, in society or at table, to act differently from others that are present. Sections viii. and ix. also treat of rules of conduct during eating and drinking, especially in society; and sections vi. and viii. begin with the same word "Ha-niknas." Section x., on correct behavior in the bath, also begins with the same word, showing that all these sections, although they differ in content, were composed after one pattern. The last section begins with the enumeration of different things that are dangerous to life, and continues with the enumeration of actions and customs that are very dangerous to the soul. This short summary of the contents shows that the work is of very diverse origin and that each section has its own history. It is clear that the first section cannot, in view of its halakic content, belong with the rest of the treatise, which deals exclusively with morals and customs. Elijah of Wilna was therefore undoubtedly right in assigning this section to the treatise Kallah, which precedes the Derek Ereẓ, and deals entirely with marriage and the rules connected with it. The whole section is merely a later compilation, although some of its passages cannot be traced back to the Talmudim and the Midrashim, as, for instance, the interesting parody on the hermeneutic rule of "kal ve-chomer" (compare Joseph ben Tadai). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Derekh Eretz Rabbah」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|